What does comprehension refer to in reading?

Comprehension in reading refers to the ability to understand and make sense of the text being read. It involves interpreting and integrating information from the text, drawing inferences, and connecting it to prior knowledge or experiences. Understanding what one is reading encompasses grasping the main ideas, themes, and details, as well as the author's intent and tone. This process is essential for effective reading, as it allows readers to engage with the material meaningfully, which enhances learning and retention.

The other options focus on different aspects of reading skills. Decoding text pertains to the ability to translate written symbols into spoken language, which is a foundational skill but does not capture comprehension. Recognizing vocabulary words is important for comprehension but does not encompass the overall understanding of text. Lastly, fluency in reading encompasses the speed and accuracy of reading, but again does not necessarily address whether the reader understands the material. Comprehension uniquely ties together these various skills with the ultimate goal of making meaning from text.