What phonemic activity focuses on adding, deleting, or substituting sounds?

Phoneme manipulation is the correct choice because it encompasses various activities that involve actively changing sounds in words. This includes adding sounds, deleting sounds, or substituting one sound for another to create or modify words. For instance, if students are asked to change the /b/ in "bat" to /k/, they would produce "cat." This activity is crucial for developing phonemic awareness, which is a foundational skill for effective reading and spelling.

Other options refer to more specific tasks within phonemic awareness but do not capture the full breadth of manipulation. Phoneme deletion focuses solely on removing sounds, phoneme identity involves recognizing the same sound in different words, and phoneme isolation requires identifying a specific sound within a word. Thus, only phoneme manipulation encompasses all three activities of adding, deleting, or substituting sounds.