What sequence of steps includes explicit instruction and modeling?

The choice referring to instructional routines is correct because instructional routines are structured teaching strategies that incorporate explicit instruction and modeling as key components. In these routines, educators clearly demonstrate the specific skills or strategies that students are expected to learn, often through a step-by-step approach. This includes showing students how to apply a reading strategy, guiding them through practice, and providing opportunities for them to engage with the material directly.

Explicit instruction is characterized by clear, direct teaching of a concept, skill, or strategy, providing students with straightforward examples and clear explanations. Modeling complements this by allowing the teacher to demonstrate the corresponding process or skill in real-time, helping students visualize how to apply what they've learned.

While the other options may involve teaching strategies or assessment methods, they do not specifically highlight the importance of explicit instruction and modeling within a defined framework of systematic routine. Reading comprehension strategies may involve various approaches to understanding text but do not necessarily imply a routine framework, while assessment techniques focus more on evaluating student understanding, and learning frameworks typically refer to broader educational structures rather than specific instructional methods.