What term refers to a language-based disability that impacts reading and writing capabilities?

Dyslexia is a specific learning disability that primarily affects a person's ability to read and write. It is characterized by difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition and by poor spelling and decoding abilities. This condition often stems from a deficit in the phonological component of language, which affects the individual's ability to connect sounds with letters and words.

Individuals with dyslexia may experience challenges in recognizing written words, reading fluently, and understanding written text, which can hinder their overall academic performance. This term encapsulates a range of difficulties that can significantly impact a person's educational achievements and self-esteem related to reading and writing tasks.

In contrast, dysgraphia refers to difficulties in writing abilities, dyscalculia involves challenges with math and number concepts, and Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) primarily affects concentration and attention rather than specific language-based skills. Thus, dyslexia is the most accurate term when discussing a language-based disability affecting reading and writing capabilities.